(b) Fashion market network: modeling agencies (photography,
videos, and movies).
Modeling agencies provide traffickers with great access to
particularly attractive or appealing women and girls. Throughout the
world, modeling agencies have served as a primary entry point into
pornography. They have served a similar purpose for trafficking
networks
"One of the models, a 16-year-old, told the story of two
friends who received deceitful proposals when they went to
Sao Paulo. One of them, a 17-year-old, accepted the offer
and traveled to Spain without her family. As time passed,
the family lost contact with her. The other one, a
15-year-old girl refused the offer, went back to Rondonia,
and quit the modeling business". (Rondonia Report)
(c) Employment Agencies Network: domestic servants, babysitters,
travel escort and artistic jobs (dancers, singers...).
Given the strong connection between trafficking and economic
migration, employment agencies are often used as a front for
recruitment.
"Forms of recruitment also differ according to the border
control....Most of the Brazilian women enter the country
after receiving job offers as domestic servants and end up
enslaved by diplomats." (Rio de Janeiro Report)
(d) Marriage Agency Network.
Among all the forms of trafficking networks, marriage
agencies are the most difficult to characterize. According to a study
conducted by CEAP in 1997, there are at least two types of trafficking
through marriage: either the women are attracted by advertisements or
by sex tourism. In either case, the foreign man comes to Brazil to pick
up the female candidate. She often leaves the country not knowing that
there is a contract between the agency and her prospective husband.
She is actually put into a three month "test" period, and he has the right
to return the woman in the event he is not satisfied.
"Within the group of trafficked women, those who go to
other countries married or with the promise to marry a
foreigner see their expectations of a "better life" abroad
vanish by violent situations, like race discrimination,
psychological, physical and sexual abuse and depravation
of their citizenship rights within the laws of the foreign
country". (Bahia Report)
"Then, all the cute girls who have someone interested in
them, taking their picture and so on... they are losing a lot,
because a foreigner (gringo) has already gotten her picture
a while ago while still in his country. They have no idea
and have never seen the man, but he has already seen their
pictures, and the nightclub owner says I want this one or
that one... and then she comes and gets married, even takes
on a fuse name. They already married German guys, then
they go to another city and get married..." (Maranhao
Report)
(e) Tourism Industry Network: travel agencies, hotels, health
spas/resorts, tourist transportation.
Tourism plays two different roles in trafficking. First,
tourism, and especially sex tourism (where the object of the trip is to
have sex with a local), fuels the demand for women and children who
are trafficked to service this demand. While this would most often be
the destination for domestic trafficking, it would also be a destination
point for international trafficking coming into Brazil. Second, tourist
areas often serve as a jumping off point for international trafficking
(including marriage brokers) taking advantage of the travel facilities
that bring tourists to the resort area to transport women and children
overseas.